Jagiellonian dynasty

A European royal dynasty that ruled Poland and, at various times, Lithuania, Bohemia, and Hungary from the late 14th to the 16th century.

Jogaila: The Lithuanian grand duke who became King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło and founded the dynasty. His marriage to Jadwiga and Polish coronation established Jagiellonian rule.
Union of Krewo: A 1385 agreement linking the marriage of Jogaila and Jadwiga with Lithuania's conversion and political union with Poland. It set the terms for Jogaila's Polish coronation and the dynasty's rise.
Personal union: A political arrangement in which separate states share the same monarch while retaining distinct institutions. Jagiellonian rulers often governed Poland, Lithuania, Bohemia, or Hungary through linked crowns.
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: A federal state formed by Poland and Lithuania in 1569 and lasting until the late 18th century. The Union of Lublin created it during Sigismund II Augustus's reign.
Jadwiga of Poland: Queen of Poland from 1384 until her death in 1399, later canonized as a saint. Her marriage to Jogaila helped unite Poland and Lithuania under the dynasty.
Christianization of Lithuania: The adoption of Christianity by Lithuania, chiefly through the grand duke Jogaila's baptism in 1386. Jogaila's conversion fulfilled a central condition of his Polish kingship.
Elective monarchy in Poland: A system in which Polish nobles elected the monarch, formally established after the Jagiellonian hereditary line ended. The dynasty's extinction exposed the limits of hereditary succession in Poland.
Habsburg monarchy: A Central European composite monarchy ruled by the House of Habsburg from the late Middle Ages onward. Habsburgs gained the Hungarian and Bohemian crowns after the Jagiellonian succession crisis.
Casimir IV Jagiellon: King of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania from 1447 to 1492. His reign extended Jagiellonian influence and secured the Polish crown for his sons.
Union of Vilnius and Radom: A 1401 agreement that affirmed Lithuania's political autonomy while recognizing Jogaila's overlordship. It shaped how the Jagiellonian rulers governed the linked but distinct realms.

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