James Dewar

James Dewar (1842–1923) was a Scottish chemist and physicist whose research advanced low-temperature science. He invented the vacuum-insulated vessel later known as the Dewar flask.

William Ramsay: A Scottish chemist who isolated several noble gases and shared scientific interests with Dewar. Ramsay and Dewar both investigated liquefied gases and the properties of matter at low temperatures.
Dewar flask: A vessel with evacuated walls that reduces heat transfer and helps keep its contents near a chosen temperature. Dewar devised this vacuum-insulated vessel to store liquefied gases.
Liquid oxygen: Oxygen cooled below its boiling point into a pale blue liquid. Dewar studied and stored liquefied oxygen using vacuum insulation.
Royal Institution: A London organization founded in 1799 to advance scientific research and public lectures. Dewar served as its Fullerian Professor of Chemistry and directed its laboratory for decades.
Frederick Augustus Abel: An English chemist known for work on explosives and for leading the Royal College of Chemistry. Abel succeeded Dewar as Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution.
Thermal radiation: Electromagnetic energy emitted by matter because of its temperature. Dewar’s reflective flask surfaces reduced heat entering by radiation.
Liquid hydrogen: Hydrogen cooled below its boiling point into a colorless liquid. Dewar achieved its liquefaction in 1898 using high-pressure cooling and regenerative methods.
Dewar medal: An award established by the Royal Society of Edinburgh to recognize distinguished chemical research. The medal commemorates Dewar’s contributions to chemistry.
John Tyndall: An Irish physicist whose research included heat, gases, and the interaction of light with matter. Tyndall’s work at the Royal Institution preceded Dewar’s long career there.
Thermal conductivity: A measure of how readily a material conducts heat. The vacuum between a flask’s walls suppresses heat transfer by conduction.

Linked from 2 pages