Knowra Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir was a princely state in the northwestern Indian subcontinent. Its ruler acceded to India in October 1947 amid an invasion by tribal forces from Pakistan and the start of war between India and Pakistan.
Dogra dynasty : A Hindu royal dynasty that ruled Jammu and Kashmir from 1846 until the princely state ended in 1947. The dynasty established the state and supplied its final ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh.
1947–1948 India–Pakistan War : The first armed conflict between India and Pakistan, fought principally over the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. The state’s accession and invasion precipitated this war.
Kashmir conflict : The enduring political and territorial dispute over Kashmir, involving India, Pakistan, and local populations. The princely state’s contested accession became the conflict’s central historical foundation.
Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir : The part of the former princely state administered by India, including the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. It represents the territory India retained after the princely state was divided.
Treaty of Amritsar : The 1846 agreement by which the British transferred Kashmir to Gulab Singh in return for payment. It formalized the Dogra ruler’s authority over Kashmir and helped create the princely state.
Operation Gulmarg : A Pakistani plan to use tribal fighters to seize Jammu and Kashmir in 1947. The invasion launched under this plan brought the crisis to a military turning point.
Azad Kashmir : The part of the former princely state administered by Pakistan and officially called Azad Jammu and Kashmir. It emerged within the territory that Pakistan administered after the 1947–1948 war.
Pakistani-administered Kashmir : The parts of the former princely state administered by Pakistan, comprising Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Its administration reflects Pakistan’s competing territorial claim to the former state.
Maharaja Hari Singh : The last ruler of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, who acceded to India in 1947. His decision to accede to India became the pivotal political act in the state’s crisis.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 47 : A 1948 resolution recommending a ceasefire, withdrawal measures, and a plebiscite in Jammu and Kashmir. It set out an international framework for ending the fighting and addressing the dispute.
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