Japan–United States Security Treaty

The Japan–United States Security Treaty is the framework for the security alliance between Japan and the United States, including U.S. forces’ presence in Japan and mutual responses to attacks.

Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan: The 1960 treaty that revised and replaced the original 1951 U.S.–Japan security treaty. This is the treaty text that gives the current alliance its legal framework.
Occupation of Japan: The Allied military occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952, led by the United States. The occupation shaped the postwar security arrangements that preceded the treaty.
U.S. military bases in Japan: Installations in Japan used by the United States Armed Forces under bilateral agreements. The treaty framework enables their presence and operational role.
ANZUS Treaty: A 1951 security pact among Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Its trilateral structure contrasts with the U.S.–Japan bilateral alliance.
Article 5 of the U.S.–Japan Security Treaty: The treaty provision committing each party to act against common danger from an armed attack in territories under Japan’s administration. It anchors the alliance’s mutual defense commitment.
Treaty of San Francisco: The 1951 peace treaty that formally ended the state of war between Japan and most Allied powers. It restored Japanese sovereignty while leaving the U.S. security arrangement in a separate treaty.
Okinawa and the United States: The history and continuing relationship between Okinawa and the United States, including U.S. military administration and bases. Okinawa hosts a large share of U.S. forces in Japan and bears concentrated local impacts.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization: A collective-defense alliance established by the 1949 North Atlantic Treaty. NATO’s multilateral command and membership differ from the U.S.–Japan treaty system.
Article 6 of the U.S.–Japan Security Treaty: The treaty provision allowing U.S. forces to use facilities and areas in Japan for regional security and Japan’s defense. It supplies the treaty basis for U.S. military facilities in Japan.
1951 U.S.–Japan Security Treaty: The original security treaty, signed alongside the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty and effective from 1952. Its unequal terms prompted the 1960 revision that established the present framework.

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