Japanese colonial empire

The overseas territories Japan acquired and governed from the late nineteenth century until 1945, including Taiwan, Korea, and parts of China and the Pacific.

Taiwan under Japanese rule: Taiwan was a Japanese colony from 1895 until Japan's surrender in 1945. Its long administration shows how Japan built colonial institutions and infrastructure.
First Sino-Japanese War: An 1894–1895 war between Qing China and Japan over influence in Korea. Japan's victory brought Taiwan and strengthened its position in East Asia.
March First Movement: A 1919 Korean independence movement marked by nationwide demonstrations against Japanese rule. Its scale forced Japan to reconsider the methods used to govern Korea.
British Empire: A global empire that Britain built through colonies, protectorates, and other forms of rule. Comparing the empires clarifies shared colonial practices and differences in scale and administration.
Korea under Japanese rule: Korea was under Japanese colonial rule from 1910 to 1945. Its annexation and assimilation policies reveal the empire's coercive reach.
Treaty of Shimonoseki: The 1895 treaty that ended the First Sino-Japanese War and ceded Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan. It formalized the empire's first major overseas territorial acquisition.
February 28 Incident: A 1947 uprising in Taiwan against the postwar Republic of China administration. It followed the transfer of Taiwan from Japanese to Chinese rule and exposed enduring tensions.
French colonial empire: The overseas territories governed by France from the sixteenth century through the twentieth. Its assimilation policies offer a point of comparison with Japanese colonial rule.
Kwantung Leased Territory: A leased area in southern Manchuria controlled by Japan from 1905 until 1945. It linked colonial administration to strategic railways and military expansion.
Russo-Japanese War: The 1904–1905 war between Japan and Russia over competing interests in Korea and Manchuria. Victory secured Japanese control in southern Manchuria and a protectorate over Korea.

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