Japanese lunisolar calendar

A historical Japanese calendar adapted from East Asian lunisolar systems, coordinating lunar months with the solar year through intercalation.

Lunisolar calendar: A calendar that combines lunar months with a solar year, usually by adding occasional leap months. The Japanese system belongs to this broader calendar family.
Japanese calendar: The systems Japan has used to organize days, months, years, and public timekeeping. The lunisolar system was one historical stage in Japan's calendar history.
Shibukawa Shunkai: A Japanese astronomer who led the creation of the Jōkyō calendar in the seventeenth century. He produced Japan's first calendar based on locally developed calculations.
Japanese era name: A regnal year designation used in Japan, beginning with an emperor's accession or a newly proclaimed era. Era names provided another way to identify years alongside lunisolar dates.
Gregorian calendar: The solar calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 and now used internationally. It became Japan's official civil calendar in place of lunisolar reckoning.
Metonic cycle: A 19-year period containing 235 lunar months, which closely matches 19 solar years. This cycle offers a mathematical model for reconciling lunar months and solar seasons.
Taika Reform: A set of seventh-century political reforms that strengthened centralized government in Japan. Calendar adoption formed part of the reforms' broader borrowing of continental institutions.
Abe no Seimei: A Heian-period court diviner associated with Onmyōdō and calendrical practice. His legacy connects calendar interpretation with court divination.
Japanese New Year: The annual New Year celebration in Japan, now held on January 1. Its former lunar timing differs from the fixed date adopted after calendar reform.
Japanese traditional holidays: Public and cultural observances in Japan, including dates tied to historical customs. Calendar conversion altered when some traditional observances were marked.

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