Japanese war crimes

Violations of the laws and customs of war committed by Japanese forces and officials during World War II, including atrocities against civilians and prisoners of war.

Nanjing Massacre: Mass killing, rape, and looting by Japanese troops after the capture of Nanjing in 1937. The massacre became one of the most documented atrocities committed during Japan’s war in China.
Imperial Japanese Army: The land warfare branch of Japan’s armed forces from 1868 to 1945. Its units carried out many atrocities across occupied territories.
International Military Tribunal for the Far East: The Allied tribunal in Tokyo that tried major Japanese wartime leaders from 1946 to 1948. The tribunal prosecuted selected leaders for crimes arising from Japan’s wartime conduct.
War crime: A serious violation of the laws and customs of armed conflict that entails individual criminal responsibility. This general legal category encompasses the offenses committed by Japanese forces.
Japanese war crimes denial: The rejection or minimization of documented Japanese wartime atrocities and responsibility. Denial and minimization shape disputes over the historical record and official acknowledgment.
Bataan Death March: The forced transfer of Filipino and American prisoners of war across the Bataan Peninsula in 1942, marked by severe abuse and deaths. It illustrates the treatment of Allied prisoners during Japan’s conquest of the Philippines.
Imperial Japanese Navy: The maritime service of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945. Naval personnel and institutions were also implicated in wartime abuses.
Khabarovsk War Crime Trials: Soviet proceedings in 1949 that tried Japanese personnel for biological warfare activities. These trials addressed crimes and programs largely absent from the Tokyo proceedings.
Crime against humanity: A specified serious act committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilians. Some Japanese wartime conduct fits this category as well as conventional war crimes.
Japanese war crimes evidence: Documents, testimony, physical remains, and other records used to establish Japanese wartime atrocities. The record combines extensive evidence with gaps caused by wartime destruction and secrecy.

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