Jawhar al-Siqilli

Jawhar al-Siqilli was a Fatimid general who conquered Egypt in 969, founded Cairo as the dynasty’s new capital, and supervised construction of Al-Azhar Mosque.

Fatimid conquest of Egypt: The 969 campaign in which Fatimid forces defeated the Ikhshidid regime and established Fatimid rule in Egypt. Jawhar led the campaign that brought Egypt under Fatimid control.
Cairo: The capital of Egypt, founded by the Fatimids in 969 as al-Qahira. Jawhar established the city as the Fatimid seat of government.
Fatimid army: The military forces of the Fatimid state, including troops recruited from across its territories. Jawhar commanded these forces during the conquest of Egypt.
Fatimid Cairo: The Fatimid capital founded in 969, whose palaces, mosques, and institutions shaped the core of historic Cairo. Jawhar’s foundation became the setting for the dynasty’s government and public life.
Fatimid Caliphate: An Ismaili Shi'i caliphate that ruled parts of North Africa and the Middle East from 909 to 1171. Jawhar served the dynasty that sent him to conquer Egypt and build its new capital.
Al-Azhar Mosque: A mosque in Cairo founded by the Fatimids and opened for worship in 972. Jawhar supervised its construction soon after founding Cairo.
Egypt under Fatimid rule: The period from 969 to 1171 when Egypt was governed by the Fatimid dynasty. Jawhar’s conquest initiated this political order.
Cairo Citadel: A medieval fortress and seat of government built in Cairo beginning in the twelfth century. It represents a later center of rule, distinct from Jawhar’s original Fatimid palace-city.
Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah: The fourth Fatimid caliph, whose reign expanded Fatimid power into Egypt and established Cairo as the capital. The caliph commissioned Jawhar’s Egyptian campaign and later entered Cairo.
Al-Qahira: The walled Fatimid palace-city founded in 969 beside the older Egyptian settlement of Fustat. This was the name of the capital Jawhar laid out.

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Abu Abdallah al-Shi'iRelated: Jawhar carried Fatimid expansion beyond the North African base al-Shi'i established.