Jerome

Jerome (c. 347–420) was a Christian priest and scholar who translated much of the Bible into Latin and wrote influential biblical commentaries.

Vulgate: The Latin Bible largely translated or revised by Jerome, which became the standard Bible of the Western Church. Jerome’s translation work produced the Vulgate’s most influential books.
Hebrew Bible: The collection of Jewish scriptures, written chiefly in Hebrew and traditionally divided into the Torah, Prophets, and Writings. Jerome translated much of this collection directly from Hebrew into Latin.
Pope Damasus I: The bishop of Rome from 366 to 384, associated with church administration and the promotion of Latin biblical texts. Damasus commissioned Jerome to revise Latin Gospel translations.
Latin Vulgate: The Latin biblical text that became the authoritative Bible of the Roman Catholic Church in the West. Jerome’s translation and revisions formed the core of this enduring Latin Bible.
Doctor of the Church: An honorary title given by the Catholic Church to saints recognized for outstanding teaching and theological influence. Jerome’s scholarship led to his recognition as one of the Church’s four great Western Doctors.
Septuagint: An ancient Greek translation of Jewish scriptures, produced over several centuries before the Common Era. Jerome compared this Greek version with Hebrew texts when revising Latin scripture.
Textual criticism: The study of manuscript differences to reconstruct or explain the history of a text. Comparing Hebrew and Greek witnesses required judgments about competing scriptural readings.
Paula of Rome: A Roman Christian ascetic and patron who supported Jerome’s scholarly and monastic community in Bethlehem. Paula’s resources and collaboration helped sustain Jerome’s work in Bethlehem.
Sixtine Vulgate: A 1590 edition of the Vulgate published under Pope Sixtus V. It represents a later effort to establish an authoritative printed form of Jerome’s Latin Bible.
Saint Jerome in His Study: A recurring artistic subject depicting Jerome as a scholar, often among books and writing materials. Artists turned his reputation for disciplined study into a durable visual image.

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