Jewish Bolshevism

Jewish Bolshevism is an antisemitic conspiracy theory falsely alleging that Jews collectively created or controlled Bolshevism and communist movements.

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Protocols of the Elders of Zion: A fabricated text, first published in the Russian Empire, purporting to reveal a Jewish plan for world domination. Its forged account of Jewish conspiracy supplied a template for portraying political upheaval as coordinated Jewish action.
Scapegoating: The practice of blaming a person or group for problems they did not cause. The theory assigned responsibility for revolution and social upheaval to Jews as a group.
Nazi propaganda: The propaganda produced by the Nazi Party and German state to promote its ideology and secure support. Nazi messaging made Jewish Bolshevism a central justification for racial war and persecution.
Antisemitism: Prejudice, hostility, or discrimination directed against Jews as Jews. The theory is a form of antisemitism that assigns collective political guilt to Jews.
Russian Revolution: The upheavals of 1917 that ended imperial rule in Russia and brought the Bolsheviks to power. The Bolshevik seizure of power gave the conspiracy theory its name and apparent political target.
Collective blame: Attributing the actions or alleged wrongdoing of some members to an entire group. It treats selected Jewish revolutionaries as proof of Jewish responsibility for Bolshevism.
Operation Barbarossa: The German invasion of the Soviet Union launched on 22 June 1941. The invasion was framed as a war against an alleged Jewish-Bolshevik enemy.
Far-right politics: Political movements emphasizing hierarchy, exclusionary nationalism, or authoritarian order. Far-right movements have reused the myth to portray political opponents as agents of Jewish influence.
Russian Civil War: The armed conflict from 1917 to 1922 between the Bolshevik-led Reds and their opponents in the former Russian Empire. Anti-Bolshevik forces spread the conspiracy theory amid civil-war propaganda and violence.
Conspiracy theory: An explanation that attributes events to a secret, coordinated plot by powerful actors. The claim depends on imagining hidden Jewish coordination behind diverse political events.