Jewish-Christian relations

Jewish-Christian relations are the interactions between Jewish and Christian communities and traditions, shaped by shared scriptures, theological disagreements, social contact, persecution, and dialogue.

Second Temple Judaism: The diverse Jewish religious and social world during the Second Temple period, from the sixth century BCE to 70 CE. Christianity emerged within this Jewish world, before becoming a distinct movement.
Supersessionism: The theological view that Christianity has superseded or fulfilled the covenant and religious role of Judaism. It supplied a durable rationale for treating Jews as a people whose religious role had ended.
Anti-Judaism: Hostility toward Judaism and Jews grounded in religious beliefs or polemics. It distinguishes theological attacks on Judaism from hostility framed primarily in racial or ethnic terms.
Jules Isaac: A French Jewish historian whose work documented Christian anti-Judaism and influenced Catholic reconsideration after the Holocaust. His scholarship and advocacy helped prepare the ground for Nostra aetate.
Antisemitism: Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination directed against Jews as Jews. Its modern racial and political forms cannot be reduced to Christian theological hostility.
Jesus: A first-century Jewish teacher from Galilee whose followers became the earliest Christian communities. His Jewish life and teachings anchor Christian origins within Jewish history.
Blood libel: The false accusation that Jews murder Christians, especially children, to use their blood in rituals. This accusation transformed religious hostility into violent attacks on Jewish communities.
Blood accusation: A false claim that Jews use Christian blood in religious rituals, historically used to incite persecution. It shows how Christian polemic converted religious difference into a fabricated criminal threat.
Pope John XXIII: Head of the Catholic Church from 1958 to 1963, who convened the Second Vatican Council and initiated changes in Catholic-Jewish relations. He set in motion the council process that produced a major reassessment of Catholic teaching on Jews.
Christian Zionism: Christian support for Jewish return to the land of Israel, often grounded in biblical interpretation. It can express support for Jewish statehood while differing sharply from Jewish political and religious perspectives.

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