Jiangxi Soviet

The Jiangxi Soviet was a Chinese Communist revolutionary base established in southeastern China in 1931. It became the principal base of the Chinese Communist Party before Nationalist forces captured it in 1934.

Chinese Soviet Republic: A short-lived state proclaimed by the Chinese Communist Party in 1931, with its central government based in Ruijin. The Jiangxi base served as the republic’s principal territory and seat of government.
Chinese Communist Party: The political party founded in 1921 that has governed the People’s Republic of China since 1949. The party created and governed the Jiangxi base.
Mao Zedong: A Chinese Communist revolutionary who led the People’s Republic of China from its founding in 1949 until his death in 1976. Mao helped build the rural base and developed influence through its revolutionary campaigns.
Long March: The 1934–1935 strategic retreat by Chinese Communist forces from southern China to Shaanxi. The evacuation of the Jiangxi Soviet began the march.
Land reform in China: Policies that redistributed land and changed rural ownership in China, especially during the twentieth century. Redistribution mobilized peasants and transformed property relations in the base area.
Autumn Harvest Uprising: A 1927 Communist-led uprising in Hunan and Jiangxi that failed to seize control of Changsha. After its defeat, Mao Zedong led surviving forces toward the Jinggang Mountains.
Zhu De: A Chinese Communist military commander and one of the founders of the Red Army. Zhu De commanded forces that defended and expanded the Jiangxi base.
Zunyi Conference: A January 1935 meeting of Chinese Communist leaders during the Long March that altered the party’s military leadership. The retreat from Jiangxi set the crisis in which the conference took place.
Red Army (China): The armed forces organized by the Chinese Communist Party before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The Red Army defended the base and carried out campaigns beyond its borders.
Jinggangshan: A mountainous region on the Hunan–Jiangxi border where Communist forces established an early rural base in 1927. The Jiangxi Soviet grew from the earlier revolutionary base established there.

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