Jin dynasty

A Jurchen-led dynasty that ruled northern China from 1115 to 1234, after conquering the Liao dynasty and taking northern territory from the Song.

Jurchen people: A Tungusic-speaking people of Manchuria who founded the Jin dynasty. Their leaders formed the ruling elite and gave the dynasty its political base.
Wanyan Aguda: The Jurchen leader who founded the Jin dynasty and ruled as Emperor Taizu. He united Jurchen forces, defeated the Liao, and proclaimed the dynasty in 1115.
Southern Song dynasty: The phase of Song rule south of the Huai River, from 1127 until the Mongol conquest in 1279. It formed the southern counterpart to Jin power for much of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Wanyan Liang: A Jin emperor who ruled from 1150 to 1161 and moved the capital to Zhongdu. His reign illustrates Jin efforts to consolidate rule through a more centralized court.
Jin–Song Wars: A series of conflicts between the Jin and Song dynasties from the early twelfth century onward. These wars expanded Jin rule southward and shaped its relationship with the Southern Song.
Liao dynasty: A Khitan-led dynasty that ruled parts of northern China and Inner Asia from 907 to 1125. Jin emerged from rebellion against Liao authority and ultimately destroyed the dynasty.
Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: The campaigns that brought the Jin dynasty to an end in 1234. The Mongol conquest ended Jurchen rule and transferred northern China to a new empire.
Emperor Shizong of Jin: A Jin emperor who ruled from 1161 to 1189 and promoted Jurchen customs and political stability. His policies expose tensions between Jurchen identity and adoption of Chinese institutions.
Treaty of Shaoxing: A 1142 settlement that formalized peace and a tributary relationship between the Jin and Southern Song. It established a durable, unequal peace after decades of warfare.
Yelü Dashi: A Khitan prince who founded the Qara Khitai after the collapse of the Liao dynasty. His westward flight shows how Jin’s conquest displaced Liao elites beyond China.

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