João Bernardo Vieira

João Bernardo Vieira was a Guinea-Bissauan politician and military leader who served as president from 1980 to 1999 and from 2005 until his assassination in 2009.

Portuguese Guinea War of Independence: An armed struggle from 1963 to 1974 that ended Portuguese colonial rule in Guinea-Bissau. Vieira rose through the PAIGC during this independence war.
1980 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état: A military coup that overthrew President Luís Cabral and brought Vieira to power in Guinea-Bissau. It began Vieira's presidency and separated Guinea-Bissau's party from Cape Verde's.
Luís Cabral: A Guinea-Bissauan independence leader who served as the country's first president from 1973 to 1980. Vieira overthrew Cabral in the 1980 coup.
Guinea-Bissau general election, 1994: Guinea-Bissau's first multiparty presidential and legislative election, held in 1994. Vieira won the presidency through this election after decades of one-party rule.
Amílcar Cabral: A Guinea-Bissauan and Cape Verdean independence leader who co-founded and led the PAIGC. Cabral helped build the movement in which Vieira became a commander.
Guinea-Bissau Civil War: An armed conflict from 1998 to 1999 between government forces and a military junta led by Ansumane Mané. The war ended Vieira's first presidency and drove him into exile.
Nino Vieira: The political name commonly used for João Bernardo Vieira, Guinea-Bissau's president and military leader. This widely used name identifies Vieira in accounts of his political career.
Guinea-Bissau general election, 1999–2000: An election held after the civil war that brought Kumba Ialá to the presidency. Its result marked Vieira's defeat and the first transfer of power through a competitive election.
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde: The liberation movement that led Guinea-Bissau's independence and became its dominant political party. Vieira's political career began within the PAIGC's military and party structures.
Ansumane Mané: A Guinea-Bissauan military officer who led a 1998 rebellion against President Vieira. Mané's revolt triggered the civil war that removed Vieira from office.

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