John J. Pershing

John J. Pershing was a United States Army general who commanded the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I and served as Army chief of staff from 1921 to 1924.

Woodrow Wilson: Woodrow Wilson was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. Wilson appointed Pershing to command the American Expeditionary Forces in 1917.
American Expeditionary Forces: The American Expeditionary Forces were U.S. military forces sent to Europe during World War I. Pershing commanded this force and fought to keep its units under American command.
American Expeditionary Forces order of battle: An order of battle is the organization and structure of military forces for an operation. The AEF’s evolving structure reflects Pershing’s effort to build a national army in France.
United States Military Academy: The United States Military Academy is a federal service academy at West Point, New York, that trains Army officers. Pershing graduated from West Point in 1886 and later returned as its commandant.
National Defense Act of 1920: The National Defense Act of 1920 reorganized the U.S. Army and established a framework for the National Guard and Organized Reserve. As Army chief of staff, Pershing oversaw the Army under this postwar reorganization.
George C. Marshall: George C. Marshall was a U.S. Army general who served as Army chief of staff during World War II. Marshall served on Pershing’s staff and later credited him as a formative mentor.
Punitive Expedition: The Punitive Expedition was a U.S. military campaign in Mexico from 1916 to 1917 to capture Pancho Villa. Pershing led the expedition, gaining experience with mobile operations before the European war.
Convoy system: A convoy system groups merchant ships and escorts them to reduce losses to attack. Pershing pressed for convoys to move American troops safely across the Atlantic.
Buffalo Soldiers: Buffalo Soldiers was a name for African American U.S. Army regiments formed after the Civil War. Pershing served with Black cavalry and infantry units early in his Army career.
Pershing's Own: Pershing's Own is the United States Army Band, based at Fort Myer, Virginia. The band took its familiar name from Pershing, who established it in 1922.

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