Jonas Savimbi

Jonas Savimbi (1934–2002) was an Angolan political and military leader who founded and led UNITA, fighting Portuguese rule and later the Angolan government during the civil war.

Agostinho Neto: Angolan poet and political leader who led the MPLA and became independent Angola’s first president. Neto led the rival movement and government Savimbi fought.
Portuguese Colonial War: A series of armed conflicts against Portuguese rule in Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique from 1961 to 1974. Savimbi built his political-military career in Angola’s struggle against Portugal.
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola: An Angolan political and military movement founded by Jonas Savimbi in 1966. UNITA was Savimbi’s organization and instrument of political and armed struggle.
Angolan Civil War: A conflict fought from 1975 to 2002 between the MPLA-led government and UNITA, with foreign intervention. Savimbi led UNITA through most of the conflict, which ended shortly after his death.
José Eduardo dos Santos: Angolan politician who served as president from 1979 to 2017. He led the Angolan state through much of Savimbi’s insurgency.
Angolan War of Independence: The armed struggle against Portuguese rule in Angola from 1961 to 1974. Savimbi’s early alliances and break with the FNLA unfolded during this war.
Guerrilla warfare: Irregular warfare using ambushes, raids, mobility, and local support against stronger forces. UNITA relied on mobile insurgent tactics against government forces.
Bicesse Accords: The 1991 agreements between Angola’s government and UNITA that sought to end the civil war and hold elections. Savimbi signed the accords, but renewed fighting followed the 1992 election.
Holden Roberto: Angolan nationalist who founded and led the FNLA independence movement. Roberto’s FNLA competed with UNITA and the MPLA for power.
Union of Peoples of Angola: An Angolan nationalist organization founded by Holden Roberto, later renamed the FNLA. Savimbi joined Roberto’s movement before leaving to establish UNITA.

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