José María Orellana

José María Orellana was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who became president in 1921 and served until his death in 1926.

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Carlos Herrera y Luna: Carlos Herrera y Luna was a Guatemalan politician who served as president from 1920 to 1921. Orellana’s coup removed Herrera from the presidency.
1921 Guatemalan coup d'état: The 1921 Guatemalan coup d'état was a military overthrow that brought José María Orellana to power. It established the regime whose leadership defines Orellana’s presidency.
Quetzal (currency): The quetzal is Guatemala’s national currency, introduced in 1925 during José María Orellana’s presidency. Its creation is the clearest enduring policy associated with his administration.
Rafael Carrera: Rafael Carrera was a Guatemalan political and military leader who ruled as president from 1844 to 1848 and 1851 to 1865. Carrera represents an earlier, conservative model of military-backed rule in Guatemala.
Guatemalan Revolution of 1920: The Guatemalan Revolution of 1920 was a popular movement that forced President Manuel Estrada Cabrera from power. Its political aftermath produced the government Orellana later overthrew.
Guatemalan Army: The Guatemalan Army is the national military force of Guatemala. Orellana’s military career and accession depended on the army’s political power.
Central American Exposition: The Central American Exposition was a Guatemalan international fair held in 1897 to promote regional trade and investment. Its costly legacy contributed to the fiscal pressures confronting later governments, including Orellana’s.
Justo Rufino Barrios: Justo Rufino Barrios was a Guatemalan liberal reformer and president from 1873 to 1885. Barrios’s nineteenth-century Liberal reforms shaped the political tradition Orellana inherited.
Unionist Party: The Unionist Party was a Guatemalan political movement that helped organize opposition to Manuel Estrada Cabrera. Its ascendancy under Herrera preceded Orellana’s seizure of power.
Constitution of Guatemala of 1879: The Constitution of Guatemala of 1879 established the country’s framework of government during the Liberal era. Orellana’s rule operated within institutions inherited from this constitutional order.