Josef Szombathy

Josef Szombathy (1853–1943) was an Austrian archaeologist and prehistorian who directed excavations at Willendorf where the Venus of Willendorf was found in 1908.

Hugo Obermaier: Hugo Obermaier was a German-Austrian prehistorian who studied the Paleolithic and helped establish prehistoric archaeology as an academic discipline. A fellow Central European prehistorian whose work overlapped with Szombathy’s study of the Paleolithic.
Venus of Willendorf: The Venus of Willendorf is a small Upper Paleolithic limestone figurine discovered in Austria in 1908. This figurine was uncovered during the excavation Szombathy directed.
University of Vienna: The University of Vienna is a public research university founded in 1365 in Vienna, Austria. Szombathy studied in Vienna as he entered the scientific world that shaped his archaeological career.
Paleolithic chronology: Paleolithic chronology is the framework for dating and ordering events and cultures within the Old Stone Age. Willendorf’s stratified deposits provided evidence relevant to dating its prehistoric occupation and finds.
Moritz Hoernes: Moritz Hoernes was an Austrian archaeologist and prehistorian who studied European Stone Age cultures. Hoernes succeeded Szombathy as a leading figure in Vienna’s prehistoric archaeology.
Willendorf in der Wachau: Willendorf in der Wachau is an Austrian village beside the Danube, known for archaeological sites spanning the Paleolithic. The village’s archaeological deposits were the setting for Szombathy’s most famous excavation.
Franz Heger: Franz Heger was an Austrian ethnologist and museum director who led the Imperial Natural History Museum in Vienna. Heger’s museum leadership formed part of the institutional setting for Szombathy’s archaeological work.
Stratigraphy: Stratigraphy is the study of layered deposits and their sequence, used to establish relative chronology. The site’s layers helped archaeologists place the figurine within a sequence of human activity.
Oswald Menghin: Oswald Menghin was an Austrian prehistorian and politician whose scholarship focused on European prehistory. Menghin continued the institutional tradition of prehistoric research associated with Szombathy.
Gravettian: The Gravettian is an Upper Paleolithic archaeological culture known for distinctive stone tools and female figurines. The Willendorf figurine belongs to the Gravettian archaeological context studied by Szombathy.

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