Josephus

Josephus was a first-century Jewish historian and former military commander whose Greek works recount Jewish history and the Roman-Jewish wars.

First Jewish–Roman War: A revolt against Roman rule in Judea from 66 to 73 CE, ending with the destruction of Jerusalem and Masada's fall. Josephus commanded rebel forces before surrendering to Rome and later narrating the war.
The Jewish War: Josephus's account of the revolt against Rome, composed in Greek in the first century CE. This is his principal narrative of the conflict he witnessed and partly fought.
Justus of Tiberias: A Jewish historian and political rival of Josephus from first-century Tiberias. His lost history reportedly challenged Josephus's account of events in Galilee.
Eusebius of Caesarea: A fourth-century Christian bishop and historian who wrote an influential history of the early Church. He preserved and cited Josephus as evidence about Jesus and early Christianity.
Judea: An ancient region centered on Jerusalem, governed at different times by Jewish rulers and imperial powers. Josephus's life and historical writing are rooted in this region.
Jewish Antiquities: Josephus's twenty-book history of the Jewish people, from creation to the outbreak of the war. It presents Jewish history and customs to a Greco-Roman audience.
Tacitus: A Roman historian whose works include accounts of the Flavian emperors and the Jewish war. His Roman perspective provides a distinct narrative against which Josephus can be compared.
Origen: A Christian theologian and biblical scholar of the third century, active in Alexandria and Caesarea. He discussed Josephus's testimony about Jesus and noted its limits.
Flavius Vespasian: The Roman general who suppressed the Jewish revolt and became emperor in 69 CE. Josephus predicted Vespasian's rise and entered his service after surrender.
Against Apion: Josephus's defense of Jewish antiquity and traditions against hostile claims by Greek writers. This work shows him arguing explicitly for the legitimacy of Jewish history.

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