July Revolution

The July Revolution was an uprising in France from 27 to 29 July 1830 that overthrew King Charles X and established the July Monarchy under Louis-Philippe.

July Ordinances: Royal decrees issued by Charles X on 25 July 1830 that restricted the press, dissolved the Chamber of Deputies, and changed electoral rules. These decrees triggered the Paris protests that became the uprising.
Bourbon Restoration: The restoration of the Bourbon dynasty in France from 1814 to 1830, interrupted by Napoleon’s return in 1815. The revolution ended this regime and its contested constitutional order.
July Monarchy: The constitutional monarchy ruled by Louis-Philippe in France from 1830 to 1848. It was the political settlement created by the revolution.
Paris: The capital of France and the principal setting of the July Revolution. Barricades and political demonstrations in Paris determined the uprising’s outcome.
Three Glorious Days: The three days of fighting in Paris, 27–29 July 1830, that forced Charles X from power. The uprising’s decisive street battles unfolded during these days.
Charter of 1814: A constitution granted by Louis XVIII that established a hereditary monarchy and a limited legislature in France. Charles X’s policies challenged the political compromise embodied in the Charter.
Belgian Revolution: The 1830–1831 revolt that established Belgium’s independence from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The French uprising helped create a climate of revolution across Europe in 1830.
La Fayette: French military and political leader who commanded the National Guard during the July Revolution. His support helped present Louis-Philippe’s accession as a constitutional settlement.
Charles X: King of France from 1824 to 1830, whose attempt to strengthen royal authority helped provoke the July Revolution. His response to political opposition precipitated the July Ordinances.
Ultra-royalists: French royalists who sought to restore the political and social dominance of the pre-revolutionary aristocracy and Catholic Church. Their influence shaped the reactionary policies opposed during the uprising.

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