June Days uprising

The June Days uprising was a workers’ revolt in Paris from 23 to 26 June 1848, suppressed by the French Second Republic after it closed the National Workshops.

French Revolution of 1848: The revolution that overthrew France’s July Monarchy in February 1848 and established the Second Republic. The February revolution created the republic whose policies and institutions the June revolt confronted.
Barricade: A defensive obstruction built across streets from available materials. Barricades turned eastern Paris neighborhoods into insurgent strongholds.
Alexis de Tocqueville: A French political thinker and politician whose works include Democracy in America and The Old Regime and the Revolution. His memoir records the uprising and the fear it generated among republican deputies.
French Second Republic: The French republican regime established in 1848 and ended by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup in 1851. The uprising tested the republic and strengthened demands for political order within it.
National Workshops: A state-funded employment program established in Paris in 1848 for unemployed workers. Their closure on 21 June helped trigger the uprising.
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac: A French general who led the government forces that suppressed the June 1848 uprising. The National Assembly gave him broad authority to direct the repression.
Victor Hugo: A French writer and politician known for novels including Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame. As a deputy, he witnessed the revolt and recorded its violence in his memoirs.
Constitution of 1848: The constitution that established the institutions and presidency of the French Second Republic. It formalized a political settlement after the revolt and the republic’s retreat from social guarantees.
Louis Blanc: A French socialist politician who advocated state-supported cooperatives and served in the provisional government of 1848. His association with the National Workshops shaped workers’ expectations, though he did not direct them.
French National Guard: A civilian militia that served as an armed force in French cities. Its politically divided units shaped the balance of force during the fighting.

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