June Fourth Incident

The Chinese government’s name for the military suppression of the 1989 protests centered on Beijing’s Tiananmen Square. The event ended a nationwide protest movement and caused many deaths and injuries.

Tiananmen Square protests of 1989: A nationwide Chinese protest movement in 1989, led largely by students and centered on demands for political reform. The June 4 suppression was the decisive military end of this broader movement.
Hu Yaobang: A Chinese Communist Party reformer whose death in April 1989 prompted public mourning and student gatherings. Mourning for Hu helped trigger the demonstrations that developed into the 1989 movement.
Zhao Ziyang: A Chinese Communist Party leader who opposed the military crackdown and was removed from power in 1989. His failed efforts to resolve the crisis peacefully exposed divisions within the leadership.
Censorship in China: State restrictions on information and expression in the People's Republic of China. Official discussion and online references to the crackdown remain tightly restricted.
Martial law in Beijing, 1989: The imposition of military rule in Beijing in May 1989 amid the protests. Martial law authorized troop deployments before the June assault.
Chinese economic reform: The economic changes begun under Deng Xiaoping that introduced market mechanisms while preserving Communist Party rule. Reform-era inflation and inequality sharpened grievances voiced during the protests.
Li Peng: China’s premier during the 1989 protests and a leading advocate of imposing martial law. He announced martial law and became closely associated with the government’s hard-line response.
Chinese democracy movement: A collection of movements advocating political liberalization and democratic change in China. The suppression curtailed open organizing while the movement’s aims persisted among activists.
People's Liberation Army: The armed forces of the People's Republic of China, controlled by the Chinese Communist Party. Army units entered Beijing and used lethal force to clear protest sites.
1980s student movements in China: Student-led campaigns in China during the 1980s that pressed for political and educational change. The 1989 mobilization drew on a decade of student activism and reform debate.

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