Juneteenth

Juneteenth commemorates the June 19, 1865, announcement of emancipation in Galveston, Texas, and the end of slavery in the United States.

General Order No. 3: The order issued in Galveston on June 19, 1865, announcing freedom for enslaved people in Texas. This order delivered the announcement that Juneteenth commemorates.
Thirteenth Amendment: The 1865 constitutional amendment that abolished slavery throughout the United States, except as punishment for crime. It made abolition nationwide and constitutional beyond the announcement in Texas.
Opal Lee: A Texas educator and activist who campaigned for Juneteenth to become a federal holiday. Her public advocacy helped build support for federal recognition.
Black Texans: African Americans living in Texas, including descendants of people emancipated there in 1865. Their celebrations established Juneteenth as a community tradition.
Gordon Granger: A Union general who issued General Order No. 3 in Galveston in 1865. Granger read the order that made June 19 the date of the announcement.
Confederate States of America: A breakaway government formed by Southern states that seceded from the United States. The Emancipation Proclamation applied to areas in rebellion, not Union-controlled slave states.
Juneteenth flag: A flag created by Ben Haith and collaborators to represent Juneteenth and African American freedom. Its design became a visible emblem of the holiday’s shared identity.
African American history: The history of people of African descent in the United States and their communities, institutions, and struggles. Juneteenth marks a major turning point within this broader history.
Galveston: A Texas port city where Union forces announced emancipation in June 1865. The announcement commemorated by Juneteenth took place here.
Union Army: The land forces that fought for the United States during the American Civil War. Union military presence in Texas enabled federal emancipation orders to be enforced.

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