Jus sanguinis

Jus sanguinis is a principle of nationality law under which a person acquires citizenship through one or both parents, regardless of birthplace.

Citizenship: Citizenship is a legal bond between a person and a state that carries rights, duties, and political membership. Jus sanguinis is one legal route by which a state grants citizenship.
Jus soli: Jus soli is a principle of nationality law that grants citizenship based on a person's place of birth. It bases citizenship on birthplace rather than inherited nationality.
Consular registration: Consular registration records a birth or other civil event with a country's diplomatic mission abroad. Families often register overseas births to document a claim through a citizen parent.
Gender equality in nationality law: Gender equality in nationality law is equal treatment of women and men in acquiring, retaining, and transmitting nationality. Laws that let fathers but not mothers transmit citizenship violate equal transmission.
Nationality law: Nationality law governs how states determine, acquire, and withdraw membership in the state. Jus sanguinis is a foundational rule within nationality law.
Naturalization: Naturalization is the legal process through which a noncitizen acquires citizenship after birth. It grants citizenship through a later application, not parental descent at birth.
Proof of citizenship: Proof of citizenship is official evidence that a person holds a country's nationality. A descent claim often requires documents linking the applicant to a citizen parent.
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness: The 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness is a treaty requiring safeguards against statelessness. Its safeguards address children who cannot acquire nationality through descent.
Parentage: Parentage is the legally recognized relationship between a child and one or more parents. Descent-based citizenship depends on which parent-child relationships the law recognizes.
Foundling: A foundling is an infant abandoned or discovered whose parentage is unknown. Some states use special presumptions to prevent foundlings from becoming stateless.

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French citizenshipRelated: French nationality can pass to children through a French parent, including those born abroad.