Kaon

A kaon is a meson containing one strange quark or antiquark and one up or down quark or antiquark. Its charged and neutral forms participate in weak interactions and neutral-kaon mixing.

Meson: A meson is a hadron made of a quark and an antiquark. Kaons belong to the meson family, with strangeness distinguishing their quark content.
Neutral kaon mixing: Neutral kaon mixing is the quantum transformation between the flavor states K⁰ and anti-K⁰. The two neutral kaon flavors can oscillate into one another through weak interactions.
K⁰ meson: The K⁰ meson is a neutral kaon composed of a down quark and an anti-strange quark. It is one of the two neutral flavor states that mix with each other.
Strange particle: A strange particle is a hadron containing a strange quark or antiquark and produced through strong interactions. Kaons were among the particles whose unexpected production and slow decay defined strangeness.
NA62 experiment: NA62 is a CERN experiment designed to measure rare charged-kaon decays. Its precision measurements test Standard Model predictions for kaon decay.
Strange quark: The strange quark is a second-generation quark with electric charge −1/3 and strangeness −1. One strange quark or antiquark gives each kaon its defining flavor content.
CP violation: CP violation is a difference between physical processes and their charge-conjugated, parity-reversed counterparts. Neutral-kaon decays provided the first observed evidence that CP symmetry is violated.
Anti-K⁰ meson: The anti-K⁰ meson is a neutral kaon composed of a strange quark and an anti-down quark. It is the antiparticle flavor state paired with K⁰ in neutral-kaon mixing.
Cosmic ray: A cosmic ray is a high-energy particle arriving at Earth from space or produced in the atmosphere. Early kaon discoveries came from particle tracks in cosmic-ray experiments.
KOTO experiment: KOTO is a Japan-based experiment searching for the rare decay K_L → π⁰νν̄. This exceptionally rare neutral-kaon decay is sensitive to new sources of CP violation.

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