Karel Čapek

Karel Čapek (1890–1938) was a Czech writer and playwright whose works include R.U.R., The Makropulos Affair, and War with the Newts.

R.U.R.: A 1920 science-fiction play by Karel Čapek about artificial workers and a revolt against their human makers. The play introduced the word “robot” and became his most influential work abroad.
Czech literature: Literature written in the Czech language or produced within Czech cultural traditions. Čapek became one of its internationally recognized modern writers.
Olga Scheinpflugová: A Czech actress and writer who married Karel Čapek in 1935. She performed in his plays and remained closely connected to his literary life.
Science fiction: A literary genre that explores imagined worlds shaped by scientific ideas, technology, or social change. Čapek used speculative premises to test ethical and political consequences.
The Makropulos Affair: A 1922 play by Karel Čapek about a singer who has lived for more than three centuries. Its fantasy of longevity turns his concerns toward the costs of escaping death.
Czechoslovakia: A Central European state established in 1918 and dissolved in 1992. Čapek wrote amid the new republic's democratic hopes and growing political threats.
Ferdinand Peroutka: A Czech journalist, writer, and political commentator associated with democratic liberalism. He shared Čapek's public defense of democracy in interwar Czechoslovakia.
Expressionism: An artistic movement that distorts representation to convey intense emotion or subjective experience. Expressionist techniques helped shape the theatrical style of his early plays.
War with the Newts: A 1936 satirical novel by Karel Čapek about intelligent newts exploited by humans and later turned against them. The novel gives his social satire the scale of a global science-fiction catastrophe.
Josef Čapek: A Czech painter, writer, and artist who was Karel Čapek's elder brother and frequent collaborator. The brothers jointly developed early plays, including R.U.R.

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