Karelia

Karelia is a historical and cultural region spanning northwestern Russia and eastern Finland. Its Russian portion includes the Republic of Karelia.

Treaty of Nöteborg: A 1323 treaty between Sweden and Novgorod that established an early boundary across Karelia. It divided Karelia between Swedish and Novgorodian spheres of influence.
Republic of Karelia: A federal subject of Russia in the northwest, bordering Finland and the White Sea. It is the principal Russian administrative unit within Karelia.
Karelian people: A Finnic people historically associated with Karelia and neighboring areas. Their communities have lived across the region’s present-day national boundary.
White Sea–Baltic Canal: A canal in northwestern Russia linking the White Sea with the Baltic Sea basin. It crosses the Republic of Karelia and connects its inland waterways to northern ports.
Treaty of Stolbovo: A 1617 peace treaty that ended the Ingrian War between Sweden and Russia. Its settlement transferred much of Karelia from Russian to Swedish rule.
North Karelia: A region of eastern Finland centered on Joensuu. It is one of Finland’s administrative regions situated in historical Karelia.
Karelian language: A Finnic language closely related to Finnish, spoken chiefly in Russia and Finland. It is a distinct marker of Karelian identity across the region.
Kizhi Pogost: A historic wooden church ensemble on Kizhi Island in Lake Onega, Russia. It exemplifies Karelia’s renowned tradition of wooden architecture.
Treaty of Nystad: A 1721 treaty ending the Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia. It brought parts of Swedish Karelia under Russian control.
South Karelia: A region of southeastern Finland centered on Lappeenranta. It covers part of Finland’s Karelia near the Russian border.

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