Katabatic wind

A downslope wind driven by gravity as cooled, dense air flows from elevated terrain toward lower ground. It can become especially strong over ice sheets and mountain slopes.

Radiative cooling: The loss of heat by emitting electromagnetic radiation, especially from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and space. Clear-sky surface heat loss cools air in contact with slopes, making it denser.
Antarctic katabatic winds: Persistent downslope winds that drain cold air from the Antarctic interior toward the coast. They are among the world's strongest and most extensive katabatic wind systems.
Adélie Land: A region of East Antarctica known for exceptionally strong, persistent downslope winds. Its coastal stations document some of the most intense Antarctic katabatic conditions.
Anabatic wind: An upslope wind driven by solar heating, as warmed air rises along a slope. It reverses katabatic flow's direction and driving temperature pattern.
Cold-air drainage: The gravity-driven movement of cooled, dense air down slopes and into low-lying terrain. This local form of downslope flow shows how cooling initiates katabatic winds.
Greenland katabatic winds: Downslope winds generated as cold air flows from the Greenland Ice Sheet toward its margins. They influence coastal weather and surface energy exchange around the ice sheet.
Commonwealth Bay: A bay on the coast of East Antarctica noted for extreme winds descending from the ice sheet. Its exposure to Antarctic downslope flow helped establish its reputation as an exceptionally windy place.
Foehn wind: A warm, dry downslope wind produced when air descends on the lee side of a mountain range. Its descent is tied to cross-barrier airflow rather than chiefly to locally cooled dense air.
Atmospheric boundary layer: The lowest part of the atmosphere, directly influenced by Earth's surface through turbulence and heat exchange. Surface friction and heat exchange shape the wind's near-ground structure.
Mistral: A cold, dry, strong wind that funnels through the Rhône Valley toward the Gulf of Lion. Its valley acceleration and cold-air outbreaks invite comparison with downslope drainage.

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