Kazakh Khanate

A Central Asian polity founded in the fifteenth century by Kazakh rulers, it united much of the Kazakh steppe before Russian imperial expansion.

Kerei Khan: A Chinggisid prince traditionally regarded as one of the founders and first khans of the Kazakh Khanate. He joined Janibek in leading the migration associated with the khanate’s foundation.
Kazakh khans: The Chinggisid rulers who claimed authority over the Kazakh people and their steppe territories. Their dynastic leadership provided the khanate’s central institution.
Dzungar–Kazakh Wars: A series of conflicts between the Kazakh polities and the Dzungar Khanate from the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries. Dzungar attacks intensified pressures on Kazakh unity and security.
Dzungar Khanate: A seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Oirat state in Central Asia and the western Mongolian region. It was the Kazakh Khanate’s principal military rival during a period of severe pressure.
Janibek Khan: A Chinggisid prince who co-founded the Kazakh Khanate with Kerei Khan in the fifteenth century. His dynastic leadership helped establish the new polity alongside Kerei.
Kazakh juz: The three major regional groupings of Kazakh clans, known as the Senior, Middle, and Junior juz. These broad affiliations organized political and social life across the khanate’s dispersed territories.
Ablai Khan: An eighteenth-century Kazakh ruler who navigated between the Russian and Qing empires. His diplomacy reflects efforts to preserve autonomy after the khanate’s political fragmentation.
Moghulistan: A Chagatai successor state in eastern Central Asia that existed from the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries. Its rulers and territories formed part of the eastern political setting around the khanate’s emergence.
Abu'l-Khayr Khan: A fifteenth-century ruler of the Uzbek Khanate whose authority was challenged by Kerei and Janibek. Their departure from his realm forms the political backdrop to the khanate’s emergence.
Pastoral nomadism: A mobile livelihood based on moving herds between seasonal pastures. Seasonal migration shaped the territory and resources over which khans sought influence.

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