Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a progressive disorder in which the cornea thins and bulges outward, distorting vision. It often begins in adolescence or early adulthood and can affect one or both eyes.

Corneal biomechanics: The mechanical properties and forces that determine how the cornea deforms and maintains its shape. Changes in corneal strength and structure underlie the progressive bulging.
Corneal cross-linking: A procedure using riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light to strengthen bonds within corneal collagen. It is used to slow or halt progression by increasing corneal biomechanical stability.
Cornea: The transparent, curved front surface of the eye that provides much of its focusing power. Keratoconus changes the shape and thickness of this clear optical surface.
Pellucid marginal degeneration: A corneal thinning disorder characterized by a crescent-shaped band of thinning near the lower corneal edge. It can cause irregular astigmatism but has a different pattern and location of thinning.
Keratoconus genetics: The study of inherited variants and family patterns associated with keratoconus susceptibility. Genetic contributions are recognized, but they do not fully explain who develops or progresses with disease.
Corneal topography: A mapping method that measures the curvature of the corneal surface. Maps reveal the steepening and irregular shape characteristic of keratoconus.
Scleral lens: A large-diameter contact lens that rests on the sclera and vaults over the cornea. Its fluid-filled space creates a smoother optical surface over an irregular cornea.
Corneal stroma: The thick central layer of the cornea, composed mainly of collagen-rich connective tissue. Thinning and altered organization in this layer contribute to corneal deformation.
Keratoglobus: A rare disorder marked by diffuse thinning and globular protrusion of the cornea. Unlike the usually localized cone of keratoconus, thinning and bulging are more widespread.
Eye rubbing: Repeated mechanical rubbing or pressing of the eyes, often associated with itching or habit. It is linked to keratoconus and may contribute to progression, though causation is not fully settled.

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