Kertanagara

Kertanagara was the last king of Singhasari, ruling from 1268 to 1292. He expanded Javanese power and was killed during Jayakatwang’s rebellion.

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Singhasari: A Javanese kingdom that flourished in the thirteenth century before the rise of Majapahit. Kertanagara ruled this kingdom during its expansion and fell with its capital.
Pamalayu expedition: A Singhasari military and diplomatic campaign directed toward the Malayu kingdom in Sumatra. Kertanagara sent this expedition to extend influence across the strait.
Jayakatwang: A ruler of Kediri who overthrew Singhasari in 1292. His rebellion killed Kertanagara and ended the Singhasari kingdom.
Joko Dolog inscription: A 1289 inscription from Singhasari that records Kertanagara’s consecration as a Buddhist figure. It gives direct evidence for the religious language used to represent the king.
Ken Arok: The founder of the Singhasari dynasty, who established power in eastern Java in the thirteenth century. His dynasty gave Kertanagara the throne generations later.
Malayu Kingdom: A Sumatran kingdom centered in the region of the Batanghari River. It was the target and diplomatic counterpart of the Pamalayu expedition.
Raden Wijaya: A Javanese prince who founded Majapahit after Singhasari’s collapse. He escaped the rebellion that killed Kertanagara and later defeated Jayakatwang.
Candi Jawi: A temple in East Java associated with the funerary worship of Kertanagara. The temple connected his memory with both Buddhist and Hindu traditions.
Anusapati: A king of Singhasari who ruled before Wisnuwardhana in the thirteenth century. His reign belongs to the succession that preceded Kertanagara’s accession.
Madura: An island northeast of Java, historically linked to Javanese states and political rivalries. Kertanagara’s forces and rivals operated within this neighboring island’s political sphere.