Ketone

A ketone is an organic compound in which a carbonyl carbon is bonded to two carbon atoms. The carbonyl group lies within the carbon skeleton rather than at its end.

Carbonyl group: A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen. The carbonyl is the defining structural feature of every ketone.
Nucleophilic addition: A reaction in which a nucleophile adds to an electrophilic multiple bond, often a carbonyl. Ketone carbonyl carbons are electrophilic targets for nucleophilic addition.
Acetone: The simplest ketone, with the formula (CH₃)₂CO; also called propanone. Acetone is a widely used solvent and the simplest representative of the class.
Carboxylic acid: An organic compound containing a carboxyl group, –COOH. Carboxylic acids have a carbonyl bonded to a hydroxyl group, unlike ketones.
Aldehyde: An organic compound whose carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Aldehydes place the carbonyl at a chain end; ketones bond it to two carbons.
Hydrogenation: The addition of hydrogen to a compound, commonly using a catalyst. Catalytic hydrogenation can reduce ketones to secondary alcohols.
Cyclohexanone: A six-membered cyclic ketone used chiefly to make nylon intermediates. Its oxidation produces compounds used in nylon manufacture.
Ester: An organic compound containing a carbonyl bonded to an oxygen atom that is bonded to carbon. Esters share a carbonyl but include a C–O bond at the carbonyl carbon.
IUPAC nomenclature: The systematic rules for naming chemical compounds. Ketone names commonly use the suffix -one and specify the carbonyl position.
Grignard reaction: A carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction using an organomagnesium halide reagent. Grignard reagents add carbon groups to ketones, producing alcohols after workup.

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