Kingdom of Naples

A kingdom in southern Italy established in 1282, with Naples as its capital. In 1816 it united with the Kingdom of Sicily to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Sicilian Vespers: A 1282 uprising in Sicily against Angevin rule that began the conflict separating the island from mainland southern Italy. The revolt drove the political split that established the mainland kingdom.
Angevin dynasty: A dynasty descended from the French House of Anjou that ruled the Kingdom of Naples from the thirteenth century. The Angevins were the first rulers of the kingdom after the mainland-island division.
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor: A thirteenth-century Holy Roman Emperor and king of Sicily who established a centralized court and founded the University of Naples in 1224. His earlier Sicilian kingdom provided administrative and intellectual precedents for later Neapolitan rule.
Parthenopean Republic: A short-lived republic established in Naples in 1799 during the French Revolutionary Wars. Its overthrow of the monarchy showed how revolutionary conflict could briefly replace royal government.
Kingdom of Sicily (Trinacria): The island kingdom ruled by the Crown of Aragon after 1282, distinct from the Angevin Kingdom of Naples on the mainland. The two states claimed continuity with the former Kingdom of Sicily while following separate rulers.
Kingdom of Sicily: A medieval kingdom founded in southern Italy in 1130, whose lands included Sicily and the mainland before their separation. The Kingdom of Naples emerged as the mainland counterpart to Sicily after 1282.
House of Aragon: A royal dynasty that ruled the Crown of Aragon and held Sicily and, later, the Kingdom of Naples. Aragonese monarchs took Naples in the fifteenth century after long competing for the kingdom.
Joanna I of Naples: Queen of Naples from 1343 to 1382, whose contested succession helped trigger the Western Schism. Her disputed reign exposed how rival dynastic claims could destabilize the kingdom.
Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples: A French-backed kingdom that ruled much of southern Italy from 1806 to 1815 under Joseph Bonaparte and Joachim Murat. It replaced the Bourbon monarchy and transformed the institutions inherited by the restored kingdom.
Papal States: A group of territories in central Italy ruled directly by the pope from the eighth century until Italian unification. The Papal States bordered Naples to the north and represented a different kind of territorial monarchy.

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