Kingdom of Scotland

A sovereign kingdom in northern Britain that existed until the 1707 Acts of Union united it with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Dál Riata: A Gaelic kingdom that ruled parts of western Scotland and northeastern Ireland during the early Middle Ages. Its Gaelic kingdom in western Scotland became one foundation of the later Scottish realm.
Scottish Parliament: The legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland, which met from the thirteenth century until 1707. It represented estates of the realm and approved taxation and legislation.
Wars of Scottish Independence: Late thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century conflicts over English control of Scotland. These wars established the kingdom’s independence after severe military and political crisis.
Robert the Bruce: King of Scots from 1306 to 1329 and a leader of the Wars of Scottish Independence. His military success secured the kingdom’s independence from English claims.
Kingdom of Great Britain: The state created in 1707 by the political union of England and Scotland. It replaced the Kingdom of Scotland as a separate sovereign state.
Picts: A group of peoples in northern Britain, known chiefly from early medieval sources and carved stones. Pictish territories formed much of the kingdom’s northern core.
Lords of the Articles: A committee of the Scottish Parliament that prepared legislation for parliamentary consideration. Its role shaped how royal government advanced business through Parliament.
Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton: The 1328 treaty in which England recognized Robert I and Scotland’s independence. It formalized international recognition of the kingdom’s sovereignty.
David I of Scotland: King of Scots from 1124 to 1153, associated with major administrative and religious reforms. His reign strengthened royal government and reshaped Scottish institutions.
Parliament of Great Britain: The legislature formed in 1707 from the union of the English and Scottish parliaments. The Scottish Parliament ceased to sit when this legislature took over.

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