Kipp's apparatus

Kipp's apparatus is a laboratory vessel that generates gas by bringing a liquid reagent into contact with a solid reactant. A stopcock controls gas flow, and closing it can force the liquid away from the solid.

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Gas evolution reaction: A chemical reaction that produces a gas as one of its products. The apparatus supplies gas through a reaction between a liquid reagent and a solid reactant.
Iron(II) sulfide: An inorganic compound with the formula FeS, commonly used as a source of hydrogen sulfide in laboratory reactions. It is a solid reactant commonly paired with acid to generate hydrogen sulfide.
Petrus Jacobus Kipp: A Dutch pharmacist and instrument maker who developed the gas-generating apparatus that bears his name. Kipp introduced the apparatus in the nineteenth century for controlled laboratory gas production.
Hydrogen generation: The production of hydrogen gas through chemical, electrochemical, or thermochemical processes. A suitable metal and acid can generate hydrogen in a Kipp-style apparatus.
Gas syringe: A calibrated syringe used to collect and measure a volume of gas. A gas syringe measures output, whereas Kipp's apparatus generates it by reagent contact.
Stopcock: A valve that regulates or stops fluid flow through a tube or vessel. Closing the outlet raises pressure and interrupts contact between the reagents.
Hydrochloric acid: A strong aqueous acid with the formula HCl. It reacts with sulfides or carbonates in the apparatus to release gases.
Nineteenth-century chemistry: The development of chemical theories, methods, and institutions during the years 1801–1900. The apparatus emerged as chemistry laboratories sought convenient supplies of specific gases.
Gas drying: The removal of water vapor from a gas using a drying agent or separation process. Generated gas can pass through a drying tube before collection or use.
Schlenk line: A dual-manifold laboratory system for handling air-sensitive substances under vacuum or inert gas. A Schlenk line controls atmospheres and pressure across experiments rather than generating gas chemically.