Kirchhoff's voltage law

Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the signed voltage changes around any closed circuit loop sum to zero. It expresses conservation of energy in lumped electrical circuits.

Voltage: The difference in electric potential between two points, equal to energy transferred per unit charge. Each loop term is a voltage change between circuit points.
Electric circuit: An electric circuit is an interconnected path through which electric current can flow. The law applies to closed paths within an interconnected circuit.
Nodal analysis: Nodal analysis solves circuit voltages by applying current conservation at network nodes. It offers an alternative emphasis: node equations rather than loop-voltage equations.
Faraday's law of induction: Faraday's law states that changing magnetic flux induces an electromotive force around a closed path. A changing magnetic flux can produce a nonzero net electric-field integral around a loop.
Electric potential: Electric potential is electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field. Voltage changes around a loop are differences in electric potential.
Closed path: A closed path is a route through a network that returns to its starting point. A loop must return to its starting point for the voltage sum.
Thevenin's theorem: Thevenin's theorem replaces a linear two-terminal network with an equivalent voltage source and series resistance. Loop-law calculations help derive the equivalent source voltage.
Maxwell–Faraday equation: The Maxwell–Faraday equation relates circulating electric fields to the time rate of change of magnetic fields. It gives the field-level correction when magnetic flux changes through a loop.
Ohm's law: Ohm's law relates voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical conductor. It supplies voltage drops for resistive elements in loop equations.
Electromotive force: Electromotive force is energy supplied per unit charge by a source such as a battery. Sources contribute rises in potential along an oriented loop.

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