Knowledge

Knowledge is familiarity, awareness, or understanding gained through experience, study, or reasoning. It includes both practical know-how and claims regarded as true or justified.

Belief: Belief is acceptance that a proposition is true or likely true. Knowledge is commonly analyzed as involving belief, though belief alone does not suffice.
Perception: Perception is the process by which sensory systems represent features of the environment. Perceptual experience supplies knowledge about objects and events.
Gettier problem: The Gettier problem challenges the view that knowledge is justified true belief by presenting cases of accidentally true justified belief. It reveals that justification and truth can coincide without genuine knowledge.
Epistemology: Epistemology is the philosophical study of knowledge, belief, evidence, and justification. It investigates what knowledge is and how it can be acquired.
Analysis of knowledge: The analysis of knowledge is the project of identifying necessary and sufficient conditions for knowing. Competing analyses explain what separates knowledge from merely true belief.
Truth: Truth is the property of statements or propositions that accurately represent reality. Many theories require what is known to be true.
Inference: Inference is the process of deriving a conclusion from premises or evidence. Reasoning extends knowledge beyond what is directly observed.
Skepticism: Skepticism is the philosophical challenge to whether certain knowledge is possible or attainable. Skeptical arguments question whether ordinary claims meet demanding standards for knowledge.
Education: Education is the organized process of developing understanding, abilities, and judgment. Teaching and study transmit and cultivate knowledge.
Reliabilism: Reliabilism is an epistemological theory that connects justification or knowledge to belief-forming processes that reliably produce truth. It offers a process-based alternative to accounts centered on accessible reasons.

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