Krakatoa

Krakatoa is a volcanic island in Indonesia’s Sunda Strait. Its catastrophic 1883 eruption destroyed much of the island and sent atmospheric waves and volcanic material around the globe.

Pyroclastic flow: A fast-moving, ground-hugging current of hot gas, ash, and volcanic fragments. Krakatoa’s pyroclastic flows crossed the sea and devastated nearby coastal areas.
Sunda Strait: A strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra that connects the Java Sea and Indian Ocean. Krakatoa lies within this tectonically active passage between two major islands.
Rogier Verbeek: A Dutch geologist who investigated Krakatoa after its 1883 eruption. His detailed survey helped establish the eruption’s geological sequence and scale.
Sundaland: The biogeographic region of continental Southeast Asia and nearby islands, including Java and Sumatra. The eruption struck a densely inhabited region within this broader Southeast Asian landscape.
1883 eruption of Krakatoa: A cataclysmic volcanic eruption in the Sunda Strait in August 1883 that destroyed much of Krakatoa. Its dated sequence anchors accounts of Krakatoa’s catastrophe.
Volcanic tsunami: A tsunami generated by volcanic activity, such as an eruption, collapse, or landslide. The 1883 eruption generated destructive waves that struck coastlines around the Sunda Strait.
Sunda Arc: A volcanic island arc formed where the Indo-Australian Plate subducts beneath the Sunda Plate. Krakatoa’s volcanism belongs to this long chain of subduction-related volcanoes.
George Symons: A British meteorologist who compiled reports and observations of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption. His collected evidence documented the eruption’s pressure wave and atmospheric reach.
Dutch East Indies: The Dutch colonial territory that covered much of the Indonesian archipelago before Indonesian independence. Colonial authorities gathered reports and managed relief after the disaster.
Krakatoa's 1883 pressure wave: A global atmospheric pressure disturbance generated by the 1883 Krakatoa eruption. Repeated barometer readings traced the blast’s passage around the planet.

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