Kurultai

A political assembly of Mongol nobles and leaders convened to decide matters such as succession, war, and alliances.

Mongol succession: The transfer of supreme leadership among Mongol rulers and dynasties. A ruler’s death could make an assembly central to choosing or confirming a successor.
Kurultai of 1206: The assembly at which Temüjin was acclaimed Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire was proclaimed. It is the best-known early example of an assembly legitimizing a ruler and a new political order.
Mongol tribal confederation: A political alliance of Mongol tribes united under a shared leadership. Kurultai developed within a political world where leaders had to coordinate among powerful tribes.
Mongol yassa: A body of laws and decrees traditionally associated with Genghis Khan and Mongol rule. The yassa expressed rules of governance, while a kurultai was an assembly of political leaders.
Mongol Empire: A Eurasian empire founded by Genghis Khan in the early thirteenth century. The empire’s scale made elite coordination over succession and campaigns consequential.
Succession of Ögedei Khan: The succession that made Ögedei, a son of Genghis Khan, the Great Khan in 1229. A kurultai confirmed Ögedei’s elevation after Genghis Khan’s death.
Mongol tribal politics: The systems of alliance, rivalry, and leadership among Mongol tribes. Assemblies offered a forum for negotiating relationships that could otherwise fracture the confederation.
Mongol khanate: A polity ruled by a khan, including the successor states formed from the Mongol Empire. A khanate was a political state; a kurultai was a gathering that could influence its leadership.
Genghis Khan: The Mongol ruler who founded the Mongol Empire and united Mongol tribes under his leadership. His succession arrangements shaped the political authority later associated with kurultai.
Succession of Möngke Khan: The 1251 accession of Möngke Khan as Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. Its contested outcome demonstrates how assemblies could settle dynastic rivalries.

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