Lake Ontario

Lake Ontario is the easternmost Great Lake of North America, bordered by Ontario and New York. Its waters flow through the St. Lawrence River toward the Atlantic Ocean.

Great Lakes: The five large freshwater lakes on the Canada–United States border, forming the largest group of freshwater lakes by total area. Lake Ontario is the easternmost and smallest by surface area of the five.
Great Lakes Water Levels: The changing elevations of the Great Lakes’ surfaces relative to a reference datum. Lake Ontario’s level varies with precipitation, runoff, evaporation, and regulated outflow.
Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Seaway: A system of channels, locks, and ports that enables ocean-going vessels to travel between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic. Its eastern route crosses Lake Ontario and connects inland ports with the Atlantic.
Thousand Islands: An archipelago in the upper St. Lawrence River near the outlet of Lake Ontario. These islands mark the transition from the lake into its downstream river system.
War of 1812: A war between the United States and Britain and its Indigenous allies, fought from 1812 to 1815. Control of Lake Ontario’s shipping routes and shoreline mattered to military campaigns.
Lake Ontario Basin: The watershed whose rivers and streams ultimately drain into Lake Ontario. Its tributaries collect runoff from the land surrounding the lake.
Lake Ontario–St. Lawrence River Regulation: The coordinated management of Lake Ontario outflows and St. Lawrence River water levels under international rules. Regulation modifies how quickly the lake’s water leaves through the St. Lawrence.
Welland Canal: A ship canal linking Lake Ontario and Lake Erie while bypassing Niagara Falls. It lets vessels move between Lake Ontario and the upper Great Lakes.
Toronto Islands: A chain of small islands forming a natural barrier offshore from Toronto, Ontario. They shape Toronto’s harbor and separate it from the open lake.
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement: A bilateral agreement through which Canada and the United States coordinate efforts to protect Great Lakes water quality. It provides a framework for addressing pollution affecting Lake Ontario.

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