Land transport

Land transport moves people or goods across terrestrial routes using modes such as roads, railways, pipelines, and trails.

Road transport: The movement of people or goods by vehicles on roads. Roads support flexible journeys between locations without fixed rail tracks.
Transport infrastructure: Physical networks and facilities that enable the movement of people and goods. Roads, tracks, stations, and terminals make land movement possible.
Public transport: Shared passenger services available for use by the public, usually on scheduled routes. Buses, trams, and trains move large numbers of people within and between settlements.
Air transport: The movement of people or goods by aircraft. Aircraft cover long distances faster but depend on airports and cannot serve every destination directly.
Induced demand: An increase in travel that occurs when transport capacity or convenience improves. Adding road capacity can prompt more driving and congestion over time.
Rail transport: The movement of people or goods by trains on railway tracks. Tracks enable high-capacity movement along fixed routes.
Internal combustion engine: An engine that produces power by burning fuel inside a combustion chamber. It powers many road vehicles and some trains.
Commuting: Regular travel between a person's home and place of work or study. Daily journeys account for a large share of passenger movement on land.
Maritime transport: The movement of people or goods by ships and other watercraft. Ships carry large loads over water, while land modes connect inland places.
Road ecology: The study of how roads affect ecosystems and how ecological processes affect roads. Land routes fragment habitats and alter wildlife movement.

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Arab Mashreq International Road NetworkNarrower topic: The network is one road-based component of the region’s wider land transport system.