Landé g-factor

The Landé g-factor is a dimensionless coefficient relating an atomic state's angular momentum to its magnetic moment. It determines the state's first-order Zeeman energy shift in a weak magnetic field.

Landé interval rule: A rule for the relative energy spacings of fine-structure levels within an atomic term. Both the rule and the g-factor depend on the angular-momentum quantum numbers L, S, and J.
Orbital angular momentum: The angular momentum associated with a particle's motion through space. Its contribution to an electron's magnetic moment differs from the spin contribution.
Electron paramagnetic resonance: A spectroscopic technique that detects transitions between electron-spin states in a magnetic field. Its resonance positions reveal effective g-factors for atoms, defects, and molecules.
Spin g-factor: The coefficient relating a particle's intrinsic spin to its magnetic moment. It is an intrinsic particle property, unlike the state-dependent Landé factor combining spin and orbital contributions.
Angular momentum coupling: The quantum-mechanical combination of angular momenta into states with defined total angular momentum. The factor is derived for atomic states formed by coupling orbital and spin angular momentum.
Spin (physics): An intrinsic form of quantum angular momentum carried by particles. Electron spin contributes directly to both the total angular momentum and magnetic moment.
Atomic spectroscopy: The study of light emitted or absorbed by atoms to determine their properties. Magnetic splitting patterns in atomic spectra can be interpreted using Landé factors.
Electron g-factor: The dimensionless coefficient relating an electron's spin to its magnetic moment. Its near-two value is an input to atomic Landé factors, not the same quantity as an atomic state's factor.
Zeeman effect: The splitting or shifting of energy levels and spectral lines in a magnetic field. The Landé factor sets the linear energy shift of a level in a weak field.
Total angular momentum: The vector sum of a system's angular momenta, represented by a quantum number. The Landé factor relates the magnetic moment to the total angular momentum J.

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