Language socialization

Language socialization is the process through which people learn language and, through using it, learn culturally appropriate ways of communicating and participating in social life.

Situated learning: Learning that develops through participation in social activities and communities of practice. Language socialization unfolds as learners participate in everyday activities with more experienced speakers.
John J. Gumperz: An anthropological linguist whose work shaped the study of interaction, speech communities, and contextualization. His interactional approach helped establish how communicative norms operate in social life.
Kaluli language socialization: The acquisition of language and social practices among the Kaluli people of Papua New Guinea. Schieffelin's research documented how Kaluli caregivers and children organize interaction differently from many Western middle-class families.
Classroom discourse: Spoken and written communication organized by the roles and routines of classroom life. Classrooms socialize students into expectations about questioning, turn-taking, and demonstrating knowledge.
Language instruction: Deliberate teaching of a language's forms, vocabulary, or communicative skills. Instruction can be explicit, while language socialization also occurs implicitly through ordinary participation.
Scaffolding: Temporary support that enables a learner to perform tasks beyond their independent ability. Caregivers and other speakers adjust support as learners acquire communicative skills.
Dell Hymes: An anthropological linguist who developed the concept of communicative competence and helped found ethnography of communication. His work made culturally appropriate language use central to studying language learning.
Samoan language socialization: The learning of language and social roles through interaction in Samoan communities. Ochs's research traced how children acquire culturally patterned ways of speaking and participating.
Heritage language education: Education that supports learning and maintaining a language connected to a learner's family or community. It can sustain the cultural practices transmitted through language socialization at home and in communities.
Second-language acquisition: The process of learning a language after acquiring a first language. This field often centers linguistic development, whereas language socialization foregrounds cultural participation.

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