Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy is surgery performed through small incisions using a camera and specialized instruments. It lets surgeons operate inside the abdomen or pelvis without making a large incision.

Pneumoperitoneum: The presence of gas in the peritoneal cavity, often created during abdominal surgery to make room for instruments. Carbon dioxide insufflation creates the working space that separates the abdominal wall from organs.
Diagnostic laparoscopy: A minimally invasive operation that examines the abdominal or pelvic cavity to identify disease or its cause. It uses the laparoscopic view to investigate symptoms when other tests do not settle the diagnosis.
Open surgery: Surgery performed through an incision large enough to expose the operative area directly. It contrasts with laparoscopy’s small ports and camera-based view.
Minimally invasive surgery: Surgery designed to limit tissue disruption by using small incisions or natural openings. Laparoscopy is one of the main approaches grouped under this broader surgical strategy.
Laparoscope: A slender optical instrument that transmits an image from inside a body cavity. Its camera and light provide the operative view through a small incision.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder using laparoscopic instruments. This common operation helped establish laparoscopy as a standard approach to abdominal surgery.
Robotic surgery: Surgery in which a surgeon controls instrument arms through a computer interface. Robotic procedures often use laparoscopic ports but add a different instrument-control system.
Surgical site infection: An infection that develops at or near a surgical incision or operative site. Smaller incisions can reduce wound complications, though they do not eliminate infection risk.
Trocar: A surgical device that creates an access channel through tissue for instruments or a camera. Ports placed through the abdominal wall let instruments enter while limiting gas leakage.
Laparoscopic appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix using laparoscopic instruments. It applies small-incision access to treatment of acute appendicitis.

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