Latent heat

Latent heat is energy absorbed or released by a substance during a phase change without changing its temperature. It is associated with changes in molecular arrangement rather than temperature.

Enthalpy of fusion: The energy required to melt a substance at its melting point, expressed per amount of substance. It quantifies the latent heat absorbed when a solid becomes a liquid.
Evaporative cooling: Cooling caused when higher-energy molecules escape from a liquid during evaporation. Evaporation draws latent heat from the liquid and its surroundings.
Heat: Energy transferred between systems because of a temperature difference. Latent heat is a particular form of energy transfer associated with phase change.
Water: A chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen that occurs naturally as solid, liquid, and gas on Earth. Its large phase-change energy makes water a major carrier of latent heat.
Enthalpy of vaporization: The energy required to convert a liquid into a gas at its boiling point, expressed per amount of substance. It measures the latent heat needed to overcome liquid-phase cohesion.
蒸発散: The combined transfer of water to the atmosphere through evaporation and plant transpiration. Latent heat carried by water vapor cools land surfaces and affects local energy budgets.
Temperature: A physical quantity that characterizes thermal state and determines the direction of spontaneous heat flow. Latent heat can be transferred while a substance's temperature stays fixed.
Melting ice: The phase change in which solid ice becomes liquid water at its melting point. Ice absorbs latent heat of fusion while melting without warming during the transition.
Specific latent heat: The energy absorbed or released per unit mass during a phase change at constant temperature. It expresses latent heat in the mass-based form used in many calculations.
Heat pipe: A device that transports heat through evaporation and condensation of a working fluid inside a sealed tube. Its high heat-transfer capacity comes from repeatedly absorbing and releasing latent heat.

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