Later Tang

Later Tang was a dynasty in northern China from 923 to 936, founded by Li Cunxu and ruled by the Shatuo Turkic Li family during the Five Dynasties period.

Li Cunxu: The Shatuo military leader who founded Later Tang and ruled as Emperor Zhuangzong. His victories over rival regimes established the dynasty in 923.
Battle of Hulao: A 923 battle in which Li Cunxu defeated Later Liang forces near Hulao Pass. The victory opened the way for Later Tang's conquest of Later Liang's capital.
Li Keyong: A Shatuo military leader who controlled the Jin regime and was Li Cunxu's father. His military base and rivalry with Zhu Wen enabled his son to found Later Tang.
Later Shu: A kingdom in Sichuan founded in 934 by Meng Zhixiang, a former Later Tang governor. Its independence showed how provincial military governors could break away from Later Tang authority.
Shatuo: A Turkic people whose leaders became a major military power in northern China. The ruling Li family built its power through Shatuo military networks.
Later Liang: A northern Chinese dynasty founded by Zhu Wen that ruled from 907 until its conquest in 923. Its defeat by Li Cunxu transformed his rising regime into an imperial dynasty.
Empress Liu (Later Tang): The wife of Li Cunxu who held influence at the Later Tang court. Her role in court affairs became prominent during the succession crisis after his death.
Southern Tang: A kingdom in southern China that ruled from 937 to 975 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It emerged soon after Later Tang's fall amid continued political fragmentation.
Tang dynasty: An imperial Chinese dynasty that ruled from 618 to 907 and shaped later claims to political legitimacy. Li Cunxu adopted the Tang name to present his rule as its restoration.
Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang: The Later Tang emperor who ruled from 926 to 933 after seizing power from Li Cunxu's successor. His comparatively stable reign followed the turmoil of the founding emperor's final years.

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Later ZhouCompared with: It was an earlier northern regime whose collapse helped sustain the cycle the Later Zhou ended.