Law of obligations

Law of obligations governs legally enforceable duties to perform or refrain from acts. Its main sources include agreements, wrongful conduct, and unjust enrichment.

Contract: An agreement that creates legally enforceable rights and duties between parties. Contract is a principal source of obligations in civil-law systems.
Offer and acceptance: A method of contract formation in which an offer is assented to by acceptance. It explains how agreement can generate contractual duties.
Common law: A legal tradition in which precedent and judicial decisions are major sources of law. It organizes private-law duties differently from civil-law systems.
Roman law: The legal system that developed in ancient Rome and profoundly influenced later European law. Roman jurists supplied foundational categories for obligations and their sources.
Sale of goods: A transaction in which a seller transfers goods to a buyer for a price. Sales generate reciprocal duties to deliver goods and pay the agreed price.
Tort: A civil wrong that can give rise to legal liability and remedies. Wrongful conduct can create duties to compensate an injured party.
Consideration: A bargained-for exchange required for the formation of many contracts in common-law systems. It contrasts with civil-law approaches that generally do not require consideration.
Civil law (legal system): A legal tradition built chiefly around codes and statutes rather than binding judicial precedent. The law of obligations is a major part of this broader legal tradition.
Institutes of Justinian: A sixth-century introductory compilation of Roman law commissioned by Emperor Justinian. Its classification of obligations influenced later legal teaching and codification.
Lease: An agreement granting use or possession of property for a period, usually in return for payment. A lease creates continuing duties concerning use, payment, and maintenance.

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