Law of Russia

Law of Russia is the body of legal rules and institutions governing the Russian Federation. It is centered on the 1993 Constitution and includes federal and regional legislation, regulations, and judicial decisions.

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Constitution of Russia: The supreme law of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993 and amended several times. It establishes state institutions, rights, and the hierarchy governing Russian legal sources.
Judiciary of Russia: The system of courts that exercises judicial power in the Russian Federation. Its courts resolve disputes and apply federal and regional law.
Russian Empire: A monarchy that governed much of Eastern Europe and northern Asia from 1721 until 1917. Its legal institutions and reforms form part of Russia’s pre-Soviet legal inheritance.
Civil law legal system: A legal tradition in which legislation and codified rules are primary sources of law. Russia is commonly classified within this tradition, though its institutions have distinct features.
Human rights in Russia: The rights and freedoms recognized in Russian law and their practical protection in the country. Constitutional guarantees and statutory limits shape the protection of individual rights.
Federal Assembly of Russia: The bicameral national legislature of the Russian Federation, consisting of the State Duma and Federation Council. It adopts federal statutes within the constitutional legislative framework.
Supreme Court of Russia: The highest judicial body for civil, criminal, administrative, and other cases within its jurisdiction in Russia. Its guidance and decisions influence the interpretation of ordinary law.
Judicial reform of 1864: A set of reforms that reorganized courts and legal procedure in the Russian Empire. It introduced institutions and procedural ideas later debated in Russian legal history.
Common law: A legal tradition in which judicial decisions are a major source of law alongside legislation. Its stronger doctrine of binding precedent contrasts with Russia’s code-centered legal tradition.
Federalism in Russia: The constitutional distribution of authority between Russia’s federal government and its constituent regions. Legal rules determine how regional powers relate to federal control.