Layering

Layering is a plant propagation method in which a stem forms roots while still attached to its parent plant. The rooted stem is then separated and grown independently.

Adventitious root: A root that develops from a plant part other than another root, such as a stem or leaf. Layered stems produce these roots at the section placed in contact with rooting conditions.
Simple layering: A layering technique in which a flexible stem is bent to the ground and covered at one point. It is the straightforward method for stems that can reach the soil while attached.
Cutting (plant): A detached plant part that can grow into a new plant under suitable conditions. Unlike layering, a cutting is separated from its parent before rooting begins.
Clonal propagation: The production of genetically similar or identical individuals from a single parent by asexual methods. Layered plants are generally clones of the parent because they develop without seed formation.
Wounding (horticulture): The deliberate injury of plant tissue to alter growth or encourage root formation. Scraping or notching a layered stem can stimulate rooting at the chosen site.
Tip layering: A propagation technique in which a stem tip is buried and forms roots and a new shoot. This method uses naturally arching tips, especially on plants such as blackberries.
Grafting: A horticultural technique that joins tissues from two plants so they grow as one. Grafting joins plant parts; layering roots a stem that remains attached to its own parent.
Juvenility (plant development): A developmental phase in which a plant or shoot is not yet capable of flowering. Layering can preserve mature flowering characteristics better than propagation from juvenile seedlings.
Auxin: A class of plant hormones that regulates growth, including cell expansion and root initiation. Auxin accumulation near a buried stem section can promote adventitious root formation.
Mound layering: A technique that encourages shoots to root by piling soil around their bases as they grow. It propagates stock plants whose shoots are difficult to bend down to ground level.

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