Knowra Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon is a country on the eastern Mediterranean coast, bordered by Syria and Israel. Its political system allocates key offices among religious communities.
Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate : An autonomous Ottoman district in Mount Lebanon, governed from 1861 to 1915 under an internationally negotiated arrangement. Its institutions shaped the political order that preceded modern Lebanon.
Confessionalism in Lebanon : A political system that distributes public offices and representation among Lebanon’s recognized religious communities. It structures parliament and the country’s highest executive offices.
Lebanese Civil War : A multifactional conflict in Lebanon lasting from 1975 to 1990, involving domestic groups and foreign states. It devastated the country and exposed the limits of the prewar political settlement.
Lebanese diaspora : Communities of Lebanese origin living outside Lebanon, formed through successive waves of migration. Diaspora networks shape remittances, politics, and cultural life across borders.
Syria : A country in the eastern Mediterranean region bordering Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, and Israel. Its long military presence and political influence have deeply affected Lebanon’s modern history.
French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon : A League of Nations mandate under which France governed Syria and Lebanon after World War I. French authorities established Greater Lebanon in 1920.
President of Lebanon : The head of state, elected by parliament for a six-year term and conventionally a Maronite Christian. The presidency is one of the offices allocated by confessional convention.
Israeli invasion of Lebanon : Israel’s 1982 military invasion of Lebanon, which reached Beirut and sought to expel the Palestine Liberation Organization. The invasion intensified the civil war and reshaped regional involvement in Lebanon.
Lebanese Arabic : A Levantine Arabic variety spoken in Lebanon, with regional accents and contact influences from other languages. Its everyday speech reflects Lebanon’s multilingual social history.
Israel : A country on the eastern Mediterranean coast, bordering Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, and the Palestinian territories. Wars, occupation, and border tensions have repeatedly shaped Lebanon’s security and politics.
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